Merkel and Gorbachev mark fall of the wall

German Chancellor Angela Merkel and former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev today crossed a former fortified border to cheers as Germans recalled the night 20 years ago that the Berlin Wall gave way to their desire for freedom and unity.

Within moments of a confused announcement on November 9, 1989 that East Germany was lifting travel restrictions, hundreds of people streamed into the enclave that was West Berlin, marking a pivotal moment in the collapse of communism in Europe.

Ms Merkel, who grew up in East Germany and was one of thousands to cross that night, recalled that “before the joy of freedom came, many people suffered.”

She lauded Mr Gorbachev, with whom she shared an umbrella amid a crush of hundreds, eager for a glimpse of the man many still consider a hero for his role in pushing reform in the Soviet Union.

“We always knew that something had to happen there so that more could change here,” she said.

“You made this possible – you courageously let things happen, and that was much more than we could expect,” she told Mr Gorbachev.

Tears sprang to the eyes of Uwe Kross, a 65-year old retiree, who recalled seeing the start of the drama from his home nearby.

“That night, you couldn’t stop people,” he said. “They lifted the barrier and everyone poured through.

“We saw it first on TV, normally it was very quiet up here, but that night we could hear the footsteps of those crossing, tap, tap, tap.”

Mr Kross was among those who crossed early on – so early that nobody was yet waiting on the other side when they reached the West. He recalled hopping on the first subway to then-West Berlin’s main boulevard, the Kurfuerstendamm.

“All hell was breaking loose there,” he said.

Ms Merkel also welcomed Poland’s 1980s pro-democracy leader, Lech Walesa, to the former crossing, saying that his Solidarity movement provided “incredible encouragement” to East Germans.

The leaders were joined by prominent former East Germans such as Joachim Gauck, an ex-pastor who later oversaw the archives of East Germany’s secret police, the Stasi.

The bridge crossing was one of a series of events marking today’s anniversary of the border’s opening after the wall kept East German citizens penned in for 28 years.

Music from Bon Jovi and Beethoven recalled the joy of the border’s opening, which led to German reunification less than a year later and the swift demolition of most of the wall – which snaked for 96 miles around West Berlin, a capitalist enclave deep inside East Germany.

Memorials also were planned to the 136 people killed trying to cross the border. Candles were lit and 1,000 towering plastic foam dominoes placed along the wall’s route to be tipped over.

Also expected in Berlin for the ceremonies were the leaders of all 27 European Union countries and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev.

The wall’s opening came hours after a botched announcement by a senior communist official on a cold, wet night in 1989.

At the end of a plodding news conference, Politburo spokesman Guenter Schabowski offhandedly said East Germany was lifting restrictions on travel across its border with West Germany.

Pressed on when the regulation would take effect, he looked down at his notes and stammered: “As far as I know, this enters into force ... this is immediately, without delay.”

He has since said he did not know that the change was not supposed to be announced until the following morning.

East Berliners streamed toward border crossings. Facing huge crowds and lacking instructions from above, border guards opened the gates – and the wall was on its way into history.

Ms Merkel said she was among the East Germans who, hearing Schabowski’s words, thought “something might happen on the evening of November 9.” Like many others, she made her way across.