Authorities face unique challenges to a safe outcome
A team of submarine commanders has been called in for advice on close-quarters living. NASA is advising on “life sciences” and giving the men a sense they control their own destinies. Exercise programmes are in place so the miners are skinny enough to fit through a rescue hole.
Even a masseuse roams a makeshift camp for the miners’ families, relieving tensions with a touch.
All in an effort to confront the unique challenges being faced by all involved to bring the miners out alive.
Extreme patience is seen with each new day that breaks over Camp Hope – where the families of the miners have erected tents, awaiting their loved ones – but there are high expectations for results.
“Patience, longing to see my husband, that is what is keeping me here,” Cristy Coronado, 40, said as she shivered off the morning cold, waiting for news of her husband, miner Juan Aguilar.
“I have camped here each night since he disappeared and I will stay until he returns.”
The miners were trapped by an August 5 collapse, and rescuers established contact with them by drilling a 6-inch-wide hole to the shelter. That hole and two others are now lifelines, delivering supplies, communications and fresh air to the miners while they wait for an escape tunnel to be drilled.
Chilean navy Capt. Renato Navarro said officials called him and a team of submarine commanders in to counsel them on how to treat men stuck in close quarters.
“There are many similarities,” Navarro said. “Submariners have to deal with the force of the sea on top of them, the miners with almost 700 meters (2,200 feet) of earth over them.”
By next Tuesday, the men will have been trapped longer than any other miners in memory. Last year, three miners survived 25 days trapped in a flooded mine in southern China. Few other rescues have taken more than two weeks.
To meet the unique challenges, Chilean officials have asked NASA for advice on “life sciences” issues and technology that can help the miners.
NASA astronaut Jose Hernandez said via Twitter that the space agency, with its long research on aiding astronauts isolated in space, could help the Chileans understand how to provide “psychological support for those trapped”.
Hernandez also said the Americans could help design “an exercise protocol to prevent muscle atrophy”.
That is something the Chilean rescue operation is wasting no time in doing. Even though the miners have undoubtedly lost a significant amount of weight, officials are trying to ensure they don’t bulk up before their rescue. They say the miners will have to be no more than 35 inches around the waist to make it out of the tunnel.
The escape tunnel will be about 26” wide – the diameter of a typical bike tyre – and stretch for more than 2,200 feet through solid rock. That’s more than 80 inches in circumference, but rescuers also have to account for the size of the basket that will be used to pull the miners to safety, one by one.
Chile’s health minister, Dr Jaime Manalich, said officials are planning exercise and other activities to keep the miners healthy and trim, using some of the passages that remain accessible to the miners.
“We hope to define a secure area where they can establish various places – one for resting and sleeping, one for diversion, one for food, another for work,” Manalich said.
Establishing a daily and nightly routine is important, as is having fun, Manalich said. The rescue team is creating an entertainment programme “that includes singing, games of movement, playing cards,” he said.
Psychological help will be of great importance, mostly because of the long wait for a rescue.
Families said anti-depressants would be sent to the miners.
The notion of being trapped underground for up to four months, as has been suggested by some Chilean officials, is what the families of the miners say worries them the most about the men staying optimistic.
How long it might take to dig them out is in dispute.
Family members said they think officials are overestimating the time the rescue will take, so as not to disappoint if there are problems. They add that the miners understand they are in for a wait
But some mining experts think it will take far less than the four months to dig the rescue tunnel.
Larry Grayson, a professor of mining engineering at Penn State University, said it could take just 25 to 30 days. Gustavo Lagos, a professor at the Catholic University of Chile’s Centre for Mining, estimated the job could be done in two months if all goes well – but four months if glitches crop up.
Lilianett Gomez, whose father Mario is trapped in the mine, said she believes the miners know their rescue won’t be quick.
“They know how long it will take for them to be rescued. As miners they know the work very well,” she said.
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