Brain grown in laboratory dish will help Alzheimer’s research

A near-complete human brain comparable with that of a five-week-old foetus has been grown in a laboratory dish.

The brain “organoid” was created from reprogrammed skin cells and is about the size of a pencil eraser.

Scientists hope the lumpy mass of functioning nerve cells and fibres will prove to be a valuable research tool for non-animal testing of drugs and investigating brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s.

As well as neurons and their signal-carrying projections — axons and dendrites — the “brain” also contains support and immune cells. It has 99% of the genes present in the foetal brain, a rudimentary spinal cord, and even the beginnings of an “eye”.

Lead researcher Rene Anand, from Ohio State University in the US, said: “It not only looks like the developing brain, its diverse cell types express nearly all genes like a brain. We’ve struggled for a long time trying to solve complex brain disease problems that cause tremendous pain and suffering. The power of this brain model bodes very well for human health because it gives us better and more relevant options to test and develop therapeutics other than rodents.”

To build the replica brain, the team transformed adult skin cells into induced pluripotent stem cells by altering their genes. The artificially created stem cells were then coaxed into developing the different cell types and signalling circuitry of the brain. Full details of the brain growing process are being kept confidential.