How your childhood drawings 'predict' teenage intelligence

A parents’ kitchen fridge gallery of their children’s art work could showcase more than their artistic ability.

Scientists think a four-year-old’s people-drawing ability provides an indicator of his or her intelligence at the age of 14.

They reveal a connection with gene-driven intelligence that has a measurable effect 10 years later.

(Twins Early Development Study/Ki/PA)

With the help of parents, psychologists got 15,504 children aged four to take part in a “draw-a-child” test, rating each picture with a score of zero to 12.

A “moderate” association was seen between higher scores and intelligence test results both at the age of four and 14.

A point was awarded for each correctly presented feature. For example, a drawing of a figure with two legs rather than four or none would receive one point for legs. Any clothing indicated also scored a point.

(Twins Early Development Study/Ki/PA)

The scoring system ignored features such as overall size, proportion, “charm” and “expressed emotion”.

Drawings varied greatly between the children, ranging from disorganised scribbles that scored zero to pictures depicting recognisable faces, bodies and limbs worth 10 points.

Lead scientist Dr Rosalind Arden, from the Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, said: “The Draw-a-Child test was devised in the 1920s to assess children’s intelligence, so the fact that the test correlated with intelligence at age four was expected. What surprised us was that it correlated with intelligence a decade later.”

(Twins Early Development Study/Ki/PA)

Arden added: “The correlation is moderate, so our findings are interesting, but it does not mean that parents should worry if their child draws badly. Drawing ability does not determine intelligence, there are countless factors, both genetic and environmental, which affect intelligence in later life.”

Because the child artists were divided into pairs of identical and non-identical twins, the scientists were able to look at the influence of genes on drawing ability and intelligence.

(Kate Ter Haar/Flickr)

While identical twins mirror all of each other’s genes, non-identical twins only share about half. However, each pair will have a similar upbringing and family background. This allows researchers to tease out traits that are mostly driven by genes or the environment.

Overall, the drawings of four-year-olds from identical twin pairs were more alike than those from non-identical twin pairs.

The scientists concluded that genetics was an important factor behind differences in children’s drawings, and this was reflected in intelligence test scores at age 14.

The findings appear in the journal Psychological Science.

In their paper, the scientists said it was not known whether children who did well in the drawing test were likely to develop a sustained interest in art.