Blood pressure drugs given to pregnant women may harm baby’s development

COMMON drugs used to treat high blood pressure in pregnancy may affect a baby’s development, although more research is needed, experts said yesterday.

The medicines labetalol and methyldopa are sometimes given to women suffering high blood pressure, including mild to moderate cases.

Experts in the Netherlands examined 4,000 patient records from 12 hospitals for the study, which also involved following 202 children.

All the women had high blood pressure that developed in pregnancy or which had been made worse by being pregnant. High blood pressure in pregnancy affects about 7% of women.

Their children were tested for possible problems with their central nervous system when they were aged between four and 10, including their IQ, concentration, motor development and behaviour.

The results showed that around twice as many children exposed to labetalol had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than those exposed to methyldopa.

They were also around four times more likely to have ADHD than children whose mothers had only been prescribed rest.

Children exposed to methyldopa appeared to have more sleeping problems than those exposed to labetalol or whose mothers were prescribed bed rest.

Test scores on other aspects of functional development did not differ between the groups.

The authors stressed they were working on a hypothesis and that more research would be needed to confirm a link between high blood pressure drugs and a baby’s development.

The study was published in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

Its editor in chief, Professor Philip Steer, said: “Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy can lead to serious complications such as stroke if left untreated.

“For this reason, doctors prescribe antihypertensive medication to keep blood pressure down to reasonable levels.”

He said that for women with severe high blood pressure or with pre-eclampsia (a condition characterised by very high blood pressure readings), the benefits of taking medicines to prevent maternal death or that of a baby “outweigh the possibility of less catastrophic long-term effects”.

Prof Steer said: “The results of this study are interesting although they could have occurred by chance.

“Nonetheless, there are plausible reasons why antihypertensive drugs may be harmful to the functional development of the foetus, with long-term effects.”

He said: “The results suggest that more large-scale studies looking at the effects of anti-hypertensive drugs on the baby long term are warranted.”

A statement from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) said the results were speculative and expectant parents should not be alarmed.

It said there were clear guidelines on the surveillance and management of women with high blood pressure and these did not need to be altered in light of the study.