Low tax rates cause public finance shortfall
The real cause of the public finances shortfall has been the exceptionally low personal tax rates for many years, combined with an over-reliance on transactional taxes.
Populist tax cuts over the past decade or so have led to the situation where the majority of taxpayers last year paid income tax at rates substantially below those charged in almost every other European country. The tax burden also shifted from the rich to lower and middle income earners. Witness the billions lost to the economy as a result of tax breaks available for the ultra-rich.