Extremists on both sides of the vivisection debate
On the one hand, there are experiments that cause little suffering and result in considerable benefits; on the other, there are tests that cause appalling cruelty and do nothing but satisfy idle curiosity and confirm the obvious.
These could be done from epidemiological studies or computer models, or are simply a long shot by companies to increase profits. LD50 tests are a legal requirement and involve forcing animals to ingest increasing quantities of a substance until half of them die.