Use honey instead of treacle and 14 other ingredient substitutes you need to know

Forgot to buy self raising flour? Never mind, you can make your own! 

Baking powder 

1:3 ratio bicarbonate of soda to cream of tartar. 

Breadcrumbs

Crushed crackers, salty ones like TUC or Ritz are best. 

Buttermilk

1 tbsp of lemon juice or vinegar stirred into 250ml milk and left to stand for five minutes. 

Cornflour

Equal amounts plain flour. 

Use your egg substitute to whip up this delicious raspberry and coconut cake

Egg 

1 egg is equal to 3 tbsp aquafaba (the liquid from a tin of chickpeas) or 1 tbsp of vinegar and 1 tsp bicarbonate of soda. 

Icing sugar 

200g granulated sugar with 1 tbsp cornflour blended in a food processor to a fine powder. 

Lemon juice

½ teaspoon vinegar or 1 teaspoon white wine or 1 tsp lime juice. 

Mayonaise

Sour cream, full-fat yoghurt, blended cottage cheese. 

Darina Allen's treacle tart uses sticky, sweet treacle to flavour breadcrumbs.

Treacle 

Honey, maple syrup, golden syrup, corn syrup. 

Onion

Shallots, leeks, spring onions. 

Self-raising flour

Mix 100g plain flour with 1 tsp baking powder.

Soy sauce

Tamari, liquid aminos, Worcestershire sauce, fish sauce, miso paste dissolved in water. 

Colm O'Gorman's spaghetti carbonara uses Parmesan to add an umami flavour.

Parmesan

Grana Padano, Asiago cheese, or nutritional yeast. 

Raisins

Currants, dried cherries, dried cranberries, dried prunes. 

Worcestershire sauce

Soy sauce, fish sauce, sherry vinegar, balsamic vinegar.

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