Pay depositors for risk due to bank losses
Another word for this is skewness. In many skewed distributions, it is common for the total amount in the long tail to be equal to or greater than in the bulk.
The long tail approach is worth considering as we move into the sixth year of this crisis. Having dealt with the massive mess of the commercial property and developers loans via hiving them off to Nama (which has yet to “get credit flowing”), the long tail of mortgage and SME loans continue to erode the banks.