'Religious motives for bomb suspects'

The two brothers suspected of bombing the Boston Marathon appear to have been motivated by a radical brand of Islam but do not seem connected to any Muslim terrorist groups, US officials have said after interrogating and charging Dzhokhar Tsarnaev with crimes which could bring the death penalty.

Tsarnaev, 19, was charged yesterday in his hospital room, where he is in a serious condition with a gunshot wound to the throat and other injuries suffered during his attempted getaway.

His older brother, Tamerlan, 26, died on Friday after a fierce gun battle with police.

Dzhokhar communicated with his interrogators in writing, precluding the type of back-and-forth exchanges often crucial to establishing key facts and meaning, according to officials who warned that they are still trying to verify what they were told and are also looking at the suspect’s telephone and online communications.

The Massachusetts university student has been charged with using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction. He is accused of joining with his brother in setting off the shrapnel-packed pressure-cooker bombs which killed three people and injured more than 200 a week ago.

The brothers, ethnic Chechens from Russia who had been living in the US for about a decade, practised Islam.

Two US officials said preliminary evidence from the younger man’s interrogation suggests the brothers were motivated by religious extremism but were apparently not involved with Islamic terrorist organisations.

In the criminal complaint outlining the allegations, investigators said Tsarnaev and his brother each placed a backpack containing a bomb in the crowd near the finish line of the world’s most prestigious marathon.

The FBI said surveillance camera footage showed Dzhokhar manipulating his mobile phone and lifting it to his ear just moments before the two blasts.

After the first blast, a block away from Dzhokhar, “virtually every head turns to the east… and stares in that direction in apparent bewilderment and alarm”, the complaint says. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev “virtually alone of the individuals in front of the restaurant, appears calm”.

He then quickly walked away, leaving a backpack on the ground. About 10 seconds later, a bomb blew up at the spot where he had been standing, the FBI said.

The FBI did not say whether he was using his mobile phone to detonate one or both of the bombs or whether he was talking to someone.

The criminal complaint shed no light on the motive for the attack.

The charges were filed just hours before a memorial service for one of the three people killed in the bombings – Boston University graduate student Lu Lingzi, 23, from Shenyang, China – was held at the school and attended by hundreds of people, including Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick.

“She’s gone but our memories of her are very much alive,” said her father, Lu Jun, who spoke in his native tongue and was followed by an English interpreter.

“An ancient Chinese saying says every child is actually a little Buddha that helps their parents mature and grow up.”

The Obama administration said it had no choice but to prosecute Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in the federal court system. Some politicians had suggested he be tried as an enemy combatant in front of a military tribunal, where defendants are denied some of the usual constitutional protections.

But Tsarnaev is a naturalised US citizen, and under US law, American citizens cannot be tried by military tribunals, White House spokesman Jay Carney said. Mr Carney said that since September 11 2001, the federal court system has been used to convict and imprison hundreds of terrorists.

The next step in the legal process against Tsarnaev is likely to be an indictment, in which federal prosecutors could add new charges. State prosecutors have said they expect to charge him separately over the killing of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer who was shot in his cruiser on the campus in Cambridge on Thursday night.

After Tsarnaev is indicted in the bombing, he will have an arraignment in federal court, when he will be asked to enter a plea.

Under federal law, as a defendant charged with a crime which carries a potential death penalty, he is entitled to at least one lawyer who is knowledgeable about the law in capital cases.

Federal Public Defender Miriam Conrad, whose office has been asked to represent Tsarnaev, has filed a motion asking that two death penalty lawyers be appointed to represent Tsarnaev “given the magnitude of this case”.

A probable cause hearing – at which prosecutors will spell out the basics of their case – has been set for May 30. According to a clerk’s notes of yesterday’s proceedings in the hospital, US Magistrate Judge Marianne Bowler indicated she was satisfied that Tsarnaev was “alert and able to respond to the charges”.

Tsarnaev did not speak during yesterday’s proceedings, except to answer “no” when he was asked if he could afford his own lawyer, according to the notes. He nodded when asked if he was able to answer some questions and whether he understood his rights.

Ms Conrad declined to comment when contacted by the Associated Press.

A statement released yesterday by Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs bolstered the US officials’ comments about seeking details on the suspect’s other modes of communication and his associations.

Two foreign nationals arrested for immigration violations on Saturday are from the central Asian nation and may have known the suspects, the ministry said. US authorities came across the students while searching for “possible links and contacts”, it said.

Officials have not disclosed the names of the nationals, who the ministry said were found to have “violated the US visa regime”.

According to the criminal complaint, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev had gunshot wounds to the head, neck, legs and hands when he was captured hiding out in a boat in a backyard in the Boston suburb of Watertown.

The FBI said it searched Tsarnaev’s dormitory room at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth on Sunday and found BBs as well as a white hat and dark jacket that look like those worn by one of the suspected bombers in the surveillance photos the agency released a few days after the attack, according to the affidavit.

The document included a chilling detail of the suspects’ flight from Cambridge: one of the brothers – it was not clear which one – told a carjacking victim during their getaway attempt: “Did you hear about the Boston explosion? I did that.”

Shortly after the charges were unveiled, Boston-area residents and many of their well-wishers – including President Barack Obama at the White House - observed a moment of silence at 2.49pm – the time a week earlier when the bombs exploded.

In addition to that and the memorial for Ms Lu, who was studying statistics at Boston University, a funeral was held at St Joseph’s Church for another victim, Krystle Campbell, a 29-year-old restaurant manager who had gone to watch a friend finish the race. Services have not been announced for the third bombing victim, eight-year-old Martin Richard, of Boston.

As of yesterday, 51 people remained in hospital, three of them in a critical condition. At least 14 people lost all or part of a limb; three of them lost more than one.

Two US officials later revealed that Tamerlan Tsarnaev was an ardent reader of jihadist websites and extremist propaganda in the run-up to last week’s attacks.

Authorities believe neither Tamerlan nor his younger brother Dzhokhar had links to terror groups.

But law enforcement officials have concluded, based on an early interrogation and other evidence, that the two brothers were motivated by an anti-American, radical version of Islam.

On Tuesday, two officials said that Tamerlan frequently looked at extremist propaganda, including Inspire magazine, an English-language online publication aimed at aspiring lone-wolf terrorists.