Sudan declares Darfur ceasefire

Sudan’s government committed to a ceasefire in Darfur at the start of peace talks, but many rebels boycotted the UN-sponsored negotiations.

The large government delegation said yesterday that its cessation of hostilities was a sign of goodwill for negotiations aimed at ending over four years of fighting in the western Sudanese region.

But the pledge was not matched by the rebels, whose main leaders all refused to attend the talks.

“The government of Sudan is proclaiming as of now a unilateral ceasefire in Darfur,” said Sudanese chief envoy Nafie Ali Nafie. “We shall not be the first ones to fire arms.”

The US special envoy for Sudan, Andrew Natsios, praised the government for its pledge, but cautioned that dozens of previous ceasefire declarations in Darfur have been broken by both government troops and rebel factions.

Some 20 rebels were present in the vast conference hall in the Libyan coastal town of Sirte.

Ahmed Diraige, the head of an obscure faction known as the Sudan Federal Democratic Alliance, spoke on behalf of the rebels and stated the groups present were also willing to consider a ceasefire.

But with the absence of major rebels, hopes faded for a quick peace agreement.

Mediators downplayed the conference’s goals, saying the focus would now be to “create conditions” for effective peace talks. Mediation spokesman Ahmed Fawzi warned it would be “a long process”.

The host of the talks, Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, questioned what could be achieved in Sirte, saying the absence of the main Darfur rebel chiefs, Abdulwahid Elnur and Khalil Ibrahim, proved international mediation efforts were failing.

“I had expected my sons Abdel Wahid and Dr Khalil to be here,” Gadhafi said. “These are major movements, and without them we cannot achieve peace.”

“As long as they object to this conference, then there is no justification for the international community to intervene,” said Gadhafi.

“Shall we have conferences everywhere? It’s like a fever,” he added.

The Libyan leader called on Africans to solve their own problems without international pressure.

“Yes there is suffering” in Darfur, Gadhafi said. But “to internationalise a tribal problem is an exercise in futility.”

Elnur, the founder of the Sudan Liberation Army rebels, said immediately after the talks were announced that he would boycott until the UN and African Union have deployed a joint force of 26,000 peacekeepers due in January.

Ibrahim, the leader of the rival Justice and Equality Movement, had initially agreed to the talks, but on Friday announced he was also boycotting because the UN were inviting smaller, less representative rebel factions.

Mediators insist they invited all factions to make sure the talks were inclusive.

Diraige, the main rebel delegate present, later said he felt Darfurians could still count on Gadhafi, an influential player in the region.

“He’s against international intervention, but not against solving the problems in Darfur,” he said.

Chief UN negotiator Jan Eliasson and his African Union counterpart, Salim Ahmed Salim, told reporters several rebel leaders were expected to “trickle in” during the next few days. While slow to start, the talks aimed to build a dialogue that could lead to a more solid peace deal, they said.

All participants warned that the absence of a broadly accepted peace agreement could greatly weaken the mission of the joint AU-UN force.

Although the government’s ceasefire announcement raised hopes that a momentum for peace could still be generated, Sudan’s military has regularly bombed Darfur rebel zones and sent proxy-militias against villages despite previous pledges and UN resolutions.

Natsios warned that the US could impose further sanctions against rebels or the government if they resume hostilities. “We are prepared … to hold all parties to their ceasefire agreement”, he told delegates at the talks.

Darfur’s ethnic African rebels took arms in 2003 against the Arab-dominated central Sudanese government, accusing it of decades of discrimination.

Khartoum is accused of retaliating with mass violence against civilians that has killed more than 200,000 and displaced over 2.5 million people, largely ethnic Africans.

Also in attendance were several Arab ministers and senior envoys from the Arab League and many other nations.

The opening of new negotiations in Libya was viewed as a sign that Sudan’s Arab neighbours want an increased role in peace efforts.

It was also an attempt by Libya to show it has ended decades of international isolation and can play its part in regional diplomacy.

But many rebels have grown sceptical of the Arab states’ involvement in the peace process, stating they are biased toward Khartoum.