Anglo-American push to get resolution accepted

The new US draft resolution on Iraq today set off a final diplomatic push for tough new weapons inspections, backed by threats of force if Saddam Hussein continues to skirt his disarmament obligations.

The revised Anglo-American text, a product of eight weeks of intense lobbying by the Bush administration, signalled significant progress and included major concessions to Security Council members concerned about setting off another war in Iraq.

Still, France and Russia prepared to pick apart certain sections during consultations in the council today.

While the revised draft includes a greater role for the Security Council, it still frees the United States to take military action against Iraq if inspectors say it isn’t complying.

French President Jacques Chirac and Russia’s Vladimir Putin believe the text still contains “ambiguities” which could be used to trigger an attack on Iraq, Chirac’s spokeswoman said.

Nonetheless, both leaders saw “many improvements” in the new proposal, said Catherine Colonna.

In Iraq, the government-controlled media called the draft resolution a pretext for war against Baghdad and urged the Security Council not to bow to American demands.

“America wants to use this resolution as a pretext and a cover for its aggression on Iraq and the whole Arab nation,” the ruling Baath Party newspaper Al-Thawra said today. “The Security Council should not give (the Americans) a pretext and a cover for the coming aggression.”

The US ambassador to the UN, John Negroponte, who officially submitted the draft’s text last night, said it could be put to a vote on Friday and “deserves consensus support.”

That would give Iraq until November 15 to accept the resolution’s terms and could put an advance team of inspectors on the ground – for the first time in nearly four years – by the end of the month.

According to a strict timetable in the resolution, inspectors would have up to 45 days to actually begin work, and must report to the council 60 days later on Iraq’s performance. In the meantime, any Iraqi obstructions or non-compliance would be reported immediately to the council for assessment.

At the same time, it offers Iraq the possibility of lifting a decade of crippling sanctions if it complies fully with its obligations.

Negroponte said the new resolution, co-sponsored with Britain, offered Iraq an opportunity to avoid war.

The US ambassador acknowledged that some work remained on the text but made clear that it was now the endgame for the United States.

But whether the United States can get all 15 council members on board remains to be seen.

For a resolution to be adopted, it needs at least nine ”yes” votes and no veto by permanent members Russia, France, China, Britain and the United States.

None of the five are likely to veto, though an abstention from Russia, France or China could hurt some of the resolution’s credibility. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan has said the way to send a strong message to Iraq is through council unity.

Still, Syria, Iraq’s Arab neighbour, remains opposed to any new resolution. Norway, Colombia and Bulgaria appear to be on board with the United States while Mexico and Singapore said the draft was being studied by their governments.

China’s Foreign Ministry said today it had noted improvements in the new resolution, but wouldn’t say whether China would endorse it.

“On the whole, we believe the new resolution takes into consideration some of the concerns and worries of other countries,” spokesman Kong Quan said.

Kong also said China will use its month long turn as rotating president of the Security Council to push for consensus on a new Iraq resolution. It heads the council in November.

Russian Ambassador Sergey Lavrov told the council that Moscow still saw several hidden triggers in the draft which could allow Washington to go to war without Security Council approval, diplomats said.

Negroponte wouldn’t directly say whether the resolution could authorise military action.

Instead, he noted that President Bush believes “the use of force, war, would be a last resort. He wants to give the United Nations and the Security Council a chance.”

The latest version softens one reference to Iraq being in ”material breach” of its obligations to disarm under a decade of UN resolutions in place since the 1991 Persian Gulf War. But a second reference still bothers Russia and France which believe the legal term could be used to justify war.

Secretary of State Colin Powell has spent the week on the phone discussing the text with his French, British and Russian counterparts.

A cornerstone of the US proposal is a tough new inspections regime responsible for hunting for illicit weapons and reporting on any Iraqi failures to comply with its disarmament obligations.

It requires Iraq to provide inspectors with “immediate, unimpeded, unconditional, and unrestricted access to any and all” areas, including eight presidential sites, where advance notice was previously needed for inspections.

Inspectors can also decide whether to interview Iraqi scientists and government officials outside the country.