Plundering of earth’s resources ‘will lead to ecological debt’

PEOPLE are plundering the world’s resources at a pace that outstrips the planet’s capacity to sustain life, the environmental group, World Wide Fund for Nature, said yesterday.

In its regular Living Planet Report, the WWF said humans currently consume 20% more natural resources than the earth can produce.

Consumption of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil increased by almost 700% between 1961 and 2001, it said. But the planet is unable to move as fast to absorb the resulting carbon-dioxide emissions that degrade the earth’s protective ozone layer.

“We are spending nature’s capital faster than it can regenerate,” said WWF chief Claude Martin, launching the study.

“We are running up an ecological debt which we won’t be able to pay off unless governments restore the balance between our consumption of natural resources and the earth’s ability to renew them.”

Populations of terrestrial, freshwater and marine species fell on average by 40% between 1970 and 2000, the study said. It cited destruction of natural habitats, pollution, overfishing and the introduction by humans of non-native animals, such as cats and rats, which often drive out indigenous species.

“The question is how the world’s entire population live with the resources of one planet,” said Jonathan Loh, one of the report’s authors.

The study, WWF’s fifth since 1998, examines the “ecological footprint” - or environmental impact - of the planet’s 6.1 billion-strong population.

To calculate the average size of each person’s footprint, it measures land use, pollution, energy consumption, and the level of carbon-dioxide emissions.

The impact of an average North American is double that of a European, but seven times that of the average Asian or African.

Overall, the biggest culprits are the residents of the United Arab Emirates, followed by the US, Kuwait, Australia and Sweden. The least-damaging are residents of Afghanistan, Somalia, Haiti, Tajikistan and Bangladesh.

Rich nations tread heavily on poorer countries, said Mathis Wacknagel, head of the Global Footprint Network, a grouping including WWF. For example, Western demand for Asia’s palm oil and soybeans from South America has fuelled destruction of natural habitats in those regions.

The study also warned of increasing pressure on the planet’s resources amid spiralling consumption in Asia, led by fast-growing China and India.

“We can consume energy in a way that’s harmful or in a way that’s sustainable,” Mr Loh said. “The technologies are available to enable the world’s population to live within the capacity of one planet.”

Governments, businesses and consumers should switch to energy efficient technology, such as solar power, Mr Loh said, adding that high oil prices may help focus their minds.

“It’s not a question of how much oil is left,” he said. “The question we should be asking is how much fossil fuel consumption the earth can sustain.”