"Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the layer that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It causes the white area in the eye to become red or pink and produce a lot of fluid (tears and mucus). The cause can be bacterial, viral, allergic, or irritant."

"Wax is produced in the ear canal to trap dirt and dust and protect the sensitive ear drum deeper inside."

"Croup is a condition in which the vocal cords become swollen due to viral infection. This can cause a distinctive, seal-like barking cough."

The full medical term is 'idiopathic nocturnal pains of childhood' — and these pains might be caused by hypermobility or mechanical factors in the feet rather than a growth spurt

She is often doubled over in pain during the early days of her period

"Our gut often changes size during the day, between digesting food and going to the toilet. It is also constantly churning our waste food to keep it all moving. With all this movement happening, it’s not surprising that it’s a typical area to feel discomfort."

"Hay fever or allergic rhinitis is a common complaint, with more than 10 to 15% of the population suffering from it to a greater or lesser extent."

Up to 10% of children with gastroenteritis will develop mild lactose intolerance following the illness, which can cause diarrhoea, bloating, and fatigue

My 14-year-old son is small for his age and very self-conscious about it. He's also put on weight around his tummy. I've told him he will catch up with the other boys in his class in time, but he is convinced that he'll always be short and overweight. What would you suggest?

"I separate children’s constipation into two categories: Recent onset (less than four to six weeks) and longer-term (more than six to eight weeks). This helps me determine the care plan I recommend."