What happens if Europe's gas is cut off this winter? 

In a bid to build winter reserves against any move by the Kremlin, the EU has agreed voluntary cuts to gas consumption to next March

Flows in the key Nord Stream 1 pipeline were cut to 40% of the pipeline's capacity and then to only 20% in the past few months. 

Rationing of gas, the fuel used by many countries including Ireland to generate electricity, is "likely but not inevitable" this winter, although any move by Russia to cut completely its gas exports would lead to a deep recession in the eurozone, a major study has warned. 

The analysis by Andrew Kenningham, chief Europe economist at Capital Economics, comes amid mixed signals on Kremlin plans for supplying gas to Europe. Key gas supplies to European industry and households have been in doubt since Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24.