Permanent TSB has been fined almost €2.5m by the ECB’s banking supervision arm for breaching liquidity requirements at certain points in the last two years, writes Geoff Percival.

Spain’s economy is weighing on Spanish banks and is the “main risk factor” as lending shrinks and real estate prices fall, the EU says.

Spain will force banks to increase provisions against real estate loans by about €30bn and will hire two auditors to value lenders’ assets in a fourth attempt to clean up the industry.

BANKS and airlines had another dismal day on the stock market yesterday with building firm CRH also suffering.