Ensure water troughs are kept clear of ice during severe cold spells

IN severe cold weather, drinking water troughs must be kept free of ice, and water must be taken to animals regularly if pipes and other water supply fittings are blocked.

Otherwise, dehydration can lead to suffering and death.

If only a restricted supply of potable water is available, the daily needs per animal are about 38 to 52 litres for milking cows; 38 litres for other cattle; 20 to 45 litres per horse; 4 to 11.5 litres per pig; 6 litres per sheep; 0.5 litres for poultry (intensive). These figures vary according to the age of the animal, and temperature and humidity.