Gene-based diet boosts weight loss, study finds
Tailoring nutrition to individual genetic profiles could revolutionise dieting and improve people’s health, scientists who carried out the study claim.
Personalised diets were prepared for 87 obese individuals based on an analysis of 19 genes known to affect metabolism and taste.
After two years the volunteers had lost 33% more weight than a matched group of 104 participants whose diets were not adjusted to suit their genes.
Lead researcher Nicola Pirastu, from the University of Trieste in Italy, said: “Although there were no significant differences in age, sex and BMI [Body Mass Index] between the two groups at the beginning of the trial, we found that people in the group who had followed the gene-based diet lost 33% more weight than the controls over two years, and the percentage of lean body mass also increased more in this group.
“By uncovering the genetic bases of taste and food preferences, we will be able to increase not only the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, but also compliance with them.”
Another study conducted by Dr Pirastu involved an analysis of DNA samples from 4,000 European and Asian volunteers which uncovered 17 genes associated with liking certain foods. The range of foods was wide, including bacon, dark chocolate, white wine, and coffee.
Surprisingly, none of the genes played an active role in taste or smell perception.
“We found a strong correlation between the HLA- DOA gene and white wine liking, but we have no idea which of the characteristics of white wine this gene influences,” said Dr Pirastu, who presented his findings at the annual meeting of the European Society of Human Genetics in Milan.
Meanwhile, parents who are concerned their children may become obese should ensure they join them for breakfast and dinner — but not lunch, a study found.
Obesity and overweight rates in Ireland are amongst the highest in Western Europe, according to a recent global study by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
However, the latest findings, by researchers at the University of Agder in Norway, suggest regular family breakfasts and dinners are the recipe for keeping trim.
A study of 8,000 children found that youngsters who ate breakfast with their parents five to seven times a week were 40% less likely to be overweight than those who ate breakfast together less frequently.
Those who ate dinner together for most of the week were 30% less likely to be overweight.
However, the study found kids who regularly joined their families for midday meals were 20% more likely to be overweight.
Researchers said the reasons for this could be that lunches tend to be more rushed and less nutritious.
